What must deluge systems piping and detection devices be?

Deluge systems are specialized fire protection systems designed to deliver a large volume of water to a specific area instantaneously, typically in high-hazard settings. The piping for deluge systems and their detection devices must be hydraulically calculated and automatically supervised to ensure they perform effectively in the event of a fire.

Hydraulic calculations are essential to ensure that the water supply can meet the demands of the deluge system, including factors like pressure, flow rate, and the distribution of water coverage across the area being protected. Proper hydraulic calculations guarantee that every sprinkler operates efficiently when needed.

Automatic supervision means that the system is continually monitored for any faults or malfunctions. This ensures that the detection devices are functioning and that the system can activate promptly during an emergency, significantly improving the effectiveness of fire suppression efforts.

In contrast, other options have limitations. Manual operation would not provide the immediate response necessary in a fire emergency. Having the system installed only by certified professionals is important but does not address ongoing functionality. While annual checks are valuable for maintenance, they do not ensure that the system is always in a state ready for immediate action. Thus, requiring hydraulic calculation and automatic supervision ensures both readiness and reliability in a deluge system, making it the correct choice.